托福閱讀詞匯題應(yīng)該怎么解答
如何答題
1. 在文章中定位到陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語(yǔ)。
2. 仔細(xì)閱讀該詞或短語(yǔ)所在句子。
3. 在句子中尋找可以幫助理解陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語(yǔ)的具體意思的線(xiàn)索。
4. 選擇答案，并將所選擇的單詞或短語(yǔ)放入原文進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，以確認(rèn)這個(gè)句子在全文中仍是有意義的。
提醒考生注意，選擇答案時(shí)，不要僅僅因?yàn)槟硞�(gè)選項(xiàng)符合該單詞的某一個(gè)正確意思就將其作為正確選項(xiàng);題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一個(gè)詞義。
如何利用各種線(xiàn)索
☆ 結(jié)構(gòu)線(xiàn)索(即指明句子中各成分之間關(guān)系的特定單詞、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu))
1. 對(duì)比
Example: OG Practice Set 5，question 6
Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order，workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837，but in the depression that followed，labor’s strength collapsed…
The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ made progress
○ became active
○ caused changes
○ combined forces
解析：?jiǎn)卧~readily所在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，根據(jù)文章中but后面的內(nèi)容我們可以得出短語(yǔ)gathered some momentum在此句中的的意思為made progress。
2. 例子
Example: OG Practice Set 4，question 10
Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn，can lead to aggressive action，but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example，they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ mistrust
○ misinterpret
○ criticize
○ resent
解析：distort所在的文章句子后出現(xiàn)“ for example”，根據(jù)for example 中的內(nèi)容，我們可以得出distort在此句中的意思為misinterpret。
3. 并列信息
Example: OG Practice Set 5，question 3
Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized，disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ prolonged
○ established
○ followed
○ upset
解析：disrupt 在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)and連接的并列信息hurt，根據(jù)這一并列信息，我們可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思為upset。
4. 因果關(guān)系
Example: OG Practice Set 6，question 1
Passage 1: …Feeding，courtship，preproduction，and even “rest” are carried out while in constant motion. As a result，practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming “machines” is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.
The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ use
○ improve
○ counteract
○ balance
解析：enhance 在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的短語(yǔ)as a result，根據(jù)前一句中的原因，我們可以得出enhance在此句中的意思為improve。
5. 連詞
Example: OG The EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS question 1
Passage 1: Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world，but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may e universal…
The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ curious
○ unhappy
○ thoughtful
○ uncertain
解析：despondent 所在的'文章句子中出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)句中的連詞or 表示選擇，因此我們可以得出despondent在此句中的意思為unhappy?
☆ 數(shù)字/時(shí)間
Example: OG Practice Set 3，question 11
Passage 6: With the advent of projection，the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private，as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope，which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of strips of celluloid. It suddenly became public –an experience that the viewer shared with dozens，score，and even hundreds of others. At the same time，the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.
The word expanded in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ was enlarged
○ was improved
○ was varied
○ was rejected
解析：expanded所在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)從“1 or 2 inches”到“6 or 9 feet”，因此我們可以輕而易舉得出expanded在文章中上下文意思為 was enlarged。
☆ 標(biāo)點(diǎn)線(xiàn)索
Example: OG Practice Set 3，question 4
Passage 3: Exhibitors，however，wanted to maximize their profits，which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission…
The word readily in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ frequently
○ easily
○ intelligently
○ obviously
解析：readily 在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)表示附加或補(bǔ)充信息的圓括號(hào)()，根據(jù)圓括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容，我們可以得出readily在此句中的意思為easily。
☆ 構(gòu)詞法
根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)有三部分：前綴(prefixes)，詞干(stems)和后綴(suffixes)。詞干是單詞的構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ)，前綴和后綴則分別加在詞干的前面和后面，從而改變單詞的詞性和含義。而前綴、后綴和詞干都有其固定含義，因此根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，我們就可以利用其固定含義來(lái)判斷生詞的意思。
Example: OG NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATES
Passage 1: …During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency…
The word immeasurably in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ frequently
○ greatly
○ rapidly
○ reportedly
解析：immeasurably一詞的詞根為measure(測(cè)量、度量)，詞綴分別為im-(不)，-able(能…的)，-ly(由形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~)。因此我們可以判斷immeasurably一詞在此句中的意思為greatly?
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